[Primary amenorrhea: An existing data at Ayat-allah Taleghani hospital [2003-5]]

Primary amenorrhea is one of the most important complaint of women in reproductive age. To determine the causes responsible for primary amenorrhea this study was performed on the basis of clinical, sonography and laboratories investigations. This case series study was performed at Ayat-allah Taleghani teaching hospital during the years of 2003-5. Data were collected from the patients who attended or referred to the clinics of gynecology or endocrinology wards since 10 years ago. 53 cases were evaluated. Mean age of the patients was 26.82 +/- 7.24 years when they were visited at the clinics. The most common cause of primary infertility was mullerian dysgenesis [n=19] according to clinical, sonography and laboratories investigations. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia were seen in 12 and 8 patients, respectively. 5 patients had gonadal dysgenesis. This study suggest that registration of patients with primary amenorrhea in research center, can be beneficial for diagnosis and intervention

Ultrasonographic findings in a group of Iranian patients with primary amenorrhea

This study was performed to report the ultrasonographic finding and final diagnosis of a group of primary amenorrhea patients. Pelvic ultrasonography [US] was employed as the first diagnostic modality to evaluate primary amenorrhea in 53 patients who were admitted to gynecology or endocrinology clinics at Taleghani hospital from 2002 to 2006. US was based upon the presence or absence of the uterus and ovaries and any other abnormal sonographic findings. Karyotype analysis was also performed for all the patients. The uterus was not visualized in 16 [30%] patients: due to mllerian agenesis in 14 and testicular feminization and true hermaphroditism in two other patients. Mllerian anomalies with hematometrocolpos or hematometra were seen in 5 [9%] patients. Thirty-two [60%] patients had a normal or hypoplastic uterus. Pelvic US showed that ovaries were in normal limits in 39 [73%] patients; they were not visible in 9 patients. The report of pelvic US was not conclusive in 3 patients; 2 had an ovarian tumor or cyst. Irrespective of the presence or absence of the uterus, all patients with visible ovaries [except one] had a normal karyotype. US of the pelvis can be the initial diagnostic modality. Based on US findings, we can make decision for further work ups; there is no need to perform all paraclinical investigations for each patient

Ultrasoniy measurement of carotid intima-media thickness in a group of Iranian with no cardiovascular risk factors

To obtaining reference values for intima'media thickness [IMT] of the carotid arteries in the Iranian subjects without any known atherosclerosis risk factors. A total of 400 subjects [146 male and 254 female, mean age 36.3 +/- 14 years in men and 35.9 +/- 12 years in women], with normal body mass index and no history or evidence of cardiovascular or peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, thyroid diseases or smoking were examined. IMT was measured on a longitudinal ultrasound image of the carotid artery. Mean thickness was evaluated for the right common carotid [RCCA], right internal carotid [RICA], left common carotid [LCCA] and left internal carotid [LICA]. The mean value of carotid IMT was 0.38 +/- 0.11 in women and 0.41 +/- 0.13 in men. For different age groups, the lowest mean thickness was 0.305 +/- 0.045, seen in the RCCA among 20'29-year-old cases, and the highest was 0.645 +/- 0.125, seen in the LICA of cases over 60. The mean thickness was higher in men than in women, in all four locations [all p values< 0.02 Linear regression models for prediction of IMT by age, were separately done in different groups of anatomical location and gender, and all models' R2 were higher than 0.5. Mean IMT in RCCA, RICA, LCCA and LICA in both genders and different age decades was lower than many reports, which may be due to ethnic factors or different inclusion criteria. Reference values of carotid IMT increase significantly with age and IMT is higher in men than in women

[Evaluation of the effect of patient position on sonographic renal length measurement in children under 18 years old]

Renal length as measured on sonography is fundamental in diagnosis and follow up of renal diseases, and there's increasing use of this kind of examination nowadays. Some radiologists believe in the effect of position on renal measurements. Regarding the above mentioned facts and in order to compare effect of patient position on sonographic measurement of renal length, this study was performed on children [under 18 years old] referred to Taleghani and Shohadaie Tajrish hospitals from October 2001 through October 2002. In this clinical trial ,one hundred children were sequentially selected. All of them [or their parents] announced their agreement for sonographic examination. The observer measured the largest longitudinal renal diameter in three positions; Supine, Coronal and Prone. Two measurements were obtained in each position and the larger one was recorded. If it wasn't possible to get the desirable measurement in one position, it was also taken into consideration. The results were judged with Anova tests. Of the 100 patients investigated, 52 were boys and 48 were girls. In sagittal view, the left kidney was not measurable in 33.3% of girls and 38.5% of boys. The maximum difference in renal measurements in the three procedures and accordingly, right and left kidneys as well as boys and girls was 3.7%, which was not statistically significant. Patient's position has no effect on renal length. It may not be possible to measure the renal diameter in the supine position of all patients. It seems that coronal position is more suitable than the others